The earth is like a big magnet. The core is made out of metals(because dense elements sink) and the outer core is molten, ionized metals. Because it is metal it conducts, meaning that charges flow easily. Earth is also moving and spinning so it increases movement of charges. The moving charges in the outer core generate earths magnetic field.
There are three types of magnetic material: Non magnetic(no domains), magnetic material(domains but not lined up), and magnet(domains all lined up). A magnetic domain is a group of atoms aligned so that their magnetic fields add together to make a stronger field. Electrons have tiny magnetic fields because they are charged and spinning.
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